Morphological identifications were conductedВ as well as sequencing of the ITS region. Mostly seedlings in nurseries were infected.Д¬zech Republic, Southern Bohemia, ДЊervenГ© Blato Nature Reserve Symptom identification and morphological confirmation of the fungus. Mating type 2 was detected.Д¬uba, Baracoa, GuantГЎnamo, Plateau of MayarГ and Master Saw TEF 1 sequencing was used for identification. Highly infected trees and lower infected branches were cut down and it is reported that the trees recovered. halepensis was heavily infected with the pathogen. It is not specified in the English abstract whether morphological identifications were performed.ДҐ00В ha of P. Copper fungicides were applied.ДЇorest surveys were conducted. The pathogen is not as aggressive as in the USA on this host and it seems to only be aggressive where dense canopies are present with high air humidity. Morphological identification of pathogen. TEF 1 sequencing was used for identification and mating type 2 was detected by JanouЕЎek et al. Morphological identification, sexual and asexual state were identified. patula the pathogen was isolated from cast needles found underneath healthy trees. Morphological characteristics and RAPD analysis were used to identify the pathogen. TEF 1 sequencing was further used for identification and mating type 2 was detected by JanouЕЎek et al. Morphological characteristics were used to identify the pathogen. Morphological identifications of the pathogen.Д¬hina, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces TEF 1 sequencing used for identification, both mating types detected. acicola was reported to occur with Canavergella banfieldii on all trees sampled and confirmed based on morphological characteristics. banksiana was infected.Д¬anada, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario Symptoms were observed in the field and the presence of the pathogen was confirmed with morphological identifications.ДҐ0вЂ“90% of P. acicola and therefore this record is doubtful and should be verified. However, the conidial descriptions are not typical of L. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics. acicola in Central America (van der Nest et al., 2019). Confirmation is needed as molecular identification did not reveal L. van der Nest, and identified by ITS sequencing. Barnes, FABI, Pretoria, South Africa, personal communication The pathogen was detected during a forest survey and confirmed with laboratory tests (method not specified).Дetected in area covering more than 60В ha of forest. TEF 1 sequencing used for identification. Mating type 1 was detected.ДЄustria, Upper Austria, Bregenz (Vorarlberg) TEF 1 sequencing used for identification, both mating types were detected. uncinataДЇruiting bodies were observed on pine needles. The pathogen was recognized during a forest survey. Infected trees were eradicated after which the disease was no longer detected (2001вЂ“2002). Morphological identifications of the pathogen were performed. Reported severity of infections and applied eradication methodsДЄustria, Lower Austria, Valley of the river Ybbs Identification verified using molecular methods (*) Identification method and additional notes

However, reports of new outbreaks of the disease in various European countries have increased significantly since 2008 (Adamson et al., 2015, 2018 Anonymous, 2012 Cleary et al., 2019 Hintsteiner et al., 2012 JankovskГЅ et al., 2009a Markovskaja et al., 2011 Mullett et al., 2018 OrtГz de Urbina et al., 2017). Due to the severity of the disease, the pathogen has been afforded an A1 quarantine status in Africa, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Bahrain, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Russia, and A2 quarantine status in Europe ( ). Lecanosticta acicola has been recorded on 53 different Pinus species and hybrids in native and nonвЂђnative pine stands in the USA, Canada, several European countries and Asia as well as in Central America and Colombia (Table вЂ‹ (Table1). Infection occurs through the stomata of new season needles (c), resulting in brown spot symptoms (d).

(B) Sexual state: ascostromata develop on dead needles associated with previous season infections (a) and release ascospores in spring (b). (A) Asexual state: acervuli (a) develop on attached needles and needle debris and release conidia (b). Life cycle of Lecanosticta acicola on Pinus spp. Key: A#/Bb Posted by crawdad, updated: (function(d,id)html.mobile.

Carolina in the pines tabledit file